|
Yucatán (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Yucatán (), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 106 municipalities, and its capital city is Mérida. It is located in Southeastern Mexico, on the north part of the Yucatán Peninsula. It is bordered by the states of Campeche to the southwest, Quintana Roo to the southeast and the Gulf of Mexico lies off its north coast. Before the arrival of Spaniards to the Yucatán Peninsula, the name of this region was ''el Mayab''. In Mayan language, "''ma' ya'ab''" is translated as "a few". It was a very important region for the Mayan civilization, which reached the peak of its development on this place, where they founded the cities of Chichen Itza, Izamal, Motul, Mayapan, Ek' Balam and Ichcaanzihóo (also called T'ho), now Mérida. After the Spanish conquest, Yucatán Peninsula was a single administrative and political entity, the Captaincy General of Yucatán. Following independence and the breakup of the Mexican Empire in 1823, the first Republic of Yucatán was proclaimed which then was voluntarily annexed to the Federal Republic of United Mexican States on December 21, 1823. Later on March 16, 1841, as a result of cultural and political conflicts around the federal pact, Yucatán declared independence from Mexico to form a second Republic of Yucatán, but eventually on July 14, 1848, Yucatán rejoined Mexico. In 1858, in the middle of the caste war, the state of Yucatan was divided for the first time, establishing Campeche as a separate state (officially in 1863). During the Porfiriato, in 1902, the state of Yucatan was divided again to form the Federal territory that later became the present state of Quintana Roo. Today, Yucatán is the safest state in Mexico〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Yucatán, el Estado más seguro del país )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Confirman a Yucatán como estado más seguro )〕 and Mérida was awarded ''City of Peace'' in 2011.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Declararán a Mérida ciudad de la paz )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Aprovecha Mérida nombramiento de 'Ciudad de la Paz' para atraer inversiones )〕 ==Toponymy== Yucatán, also assigned to the peninsula, came from early explorations of the Conquistadors from Europe. There are reliable versions that the name was result from confusion between the Mayan inhabitants and the first Spanish explorers around 1517: * According to one of them, was the answer of a Mayan indigenous to the question of a Spanish explorer, since he wanted to know the name of the region. The Mayan probably replied ''Ma'anaatik ka t'ann'' which means in the Maya language ''I do not understand your speech'' or ''I do not understand you''. * It is also said that the Spaniards gave the name of Yucatán to the region, because the Mayan answered their questions with the phrase ''uh yu ka t'ann'', which in the Maya language means ''hear how they talk''. Probably the first narrator's of "I do not understand" version was the friar Toribio de Benavente, in his book ''Historia de los indios de la Nueva España'' (''History of the Indians of New Spain'') says because talking with those Indians of the coast, whatever the Spanish asked the Indians responded: «Tectetán, Tectetán», which means: «I don't understand you, I don't understand you»: ...they corrupted the word, and not understanding what the Indians said, they said: «Yucatán is the name of this land»; and the same happened in a place..., a cape, which they also called cape Cotoch; and Cotoch in that language means house". Another version is from Bernal Díaz del Castillo. In his book Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España (''True History of the Conquest of New Spain''), he says ''Yucatá'' means "land of yucas", a plant that was cultivated by the Maya and was an important food source for them.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=¿Cómo se alimentaban los mayas? )〕 ==History== The written history of Yucatán begins after the Spanish conquest. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yucatán」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|